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ADHD in Adults - Treatment Options

ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects around 4,4% of the population. It is associated with a high rate of comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments.

Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are the most commonly prescribed drugs.

Medicines

Many adults suffering from ADHD notice significant improvements in symptoms and performance as a result of medication. It is essential that those with ADHD find the combination of medication that works for them.

Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as amphetamines or methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults can augment an immediate-release medicine with an extended-release long-acting medication every week to decrease the requirement to take it frequently throughout the day.

Desipramine and other antidepressants have also been found to be effective in the treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of drugs can be used alone or in combination with stimulants to increase their effects. They may also increase the risk of serious side consequences, like rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension.

Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, can have a calming effect and can improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity in certain adults. However, these medications could cause a drop in blood pressure if they are abruptly removed or reduced in dosage.

Psychotherapy can also be beneficial for adults with ADHD. Individual talk therapy helps people overcome feelings of embarrassment, shame, and resentment against coworkers, teachers, supervisors, and family members that may criticize or nag them. Counseling for families and marriage is a great method to help couples suffering from ADHD better understand each other and improve communication.

Behavioral Therapy

Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and feelings of failure that often accompanies this condition.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavioral therapy assists people in changing their negative thoughts and emotions that cause difficulties in their lives. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented kind of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for a variety of disorders including anxiety and depression. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with other therapies.

CBT can also incorporate group therapy. This is especially beneficial for those suffering from ADHD because it enables them to meet others who are facing similar issues and learn about how they manage their ADHD symptoms. CBT can be offered in person or over the phone. One study compared the results of CBT in comparison to traditional therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments led to improvement in self-report measures of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life.

CBT has been studied in comparison to other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies show significant reductions in ADHD symptoms, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. These improvements were linked to diverse modalities like interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training, and mindfulness mediation.

However, caution is required when comparing the effectiveness of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is possible that the differences in the outcomes result from a variety of factors, such as treatment features and the methods used. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks in order to identify brain areas where there is a lack or excess of activity. The individual then learns to control these patterns.

Counseling

Many people who suffer from ADHD also suffer from comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help with these problems, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy methods which can improve a person’s ability to resolve conflicts and build lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive and negative behaviors that can cause problems at school or work.

In some cases psychotherapy is sometimes used in conjunction with medication for adults who are seeking treatment for adhd. Patients with comorbid disorders such as substance abuse, depression, and bipolar disorder should be assessed to ensure their symptoms are not worsened through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history or seizures, must be treated more aggressively.

If ADHD is serious enough to affect the quality of life and daily functioning intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs provide structured therapy that is more intense than conventional outpatient psychotherapy.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which is a type of cognitive therapy, helps people with ADHD to improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning and executive function. It helps them recognize and express feelings, and it uses worksheets and activities to make the lessons interesting. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and enhances the ability of people to concentrate and manage their emotions. It increases the capacity of a person to manage stress and arousal. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotional issues that may be contributing to their ADHD.

Occupational Therapy

Adults with ADHD report difficulties functioning at work and at home. In addition to impacting work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and may cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you to improve your self-esteem and resolve underlying problems. It can also help you develop healthy ways of coping.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD and helps them change their negative beliefs and behaviors. Particularly, it focuses on teaching you to use strategies for managing time and overcoming the distortions in your thinking that cause negative moods and perceptions of a limited selection.

Many people with ADHD also suffer from depression or anxiety disorders. These psychiatric disorders can reduce or increase the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and monitor its response to medication before proceeding to treatment of the other condition.

Occupational therapy can help you learn how to manage your life and your work, set up regular routines, manage your money and time and develop an optimistic self-image. It can also help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Similarly yoga and other forms of exercise can aid in improving your focus by ensuring your body is stable in different poses.

Counseling for families and marriage can help adults with ADHD to overcome the problems they cause their spouses, kids and friends. They often complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They are also prone to forget things or make impulsive choices. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you establish healthier relationships. It can also help you and your family members to understand that the problems are due to ADHD and not an inability to care or refusing to cooperate.

Clinical Trials

Adult ADHD is a highly prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication treatments are available as treatments.  adult adhd diagnosis and treatment  of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD, and some of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have highlighted both the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs.

Adults suffering from ADHD experience the same symptoms as children, however it isn't always easy to diagnose them because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD might not have an ancestral background of the disorder or might not remember the symptoms. A thorough medical history is essential to help determine whether the symptoms are caused by an illness like thyroid problems or sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning.

Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and other non-stimulant medications. Stimulants have the highest response rates for adults with ADHD. Their responsiveness rates range from 70% to 70% to 80%. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are among the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be found as a transdermal solution, that allows for continuous drug delivery throughout the day.

Nonstimulant drugs for adults with ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants which work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine is the most studied tricyclic drug and has been proven to be effective in adult patients suffering from ADHD. It is a low-dose medication that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is observed.

Bupropion XL, another antidepressant, was shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic cellular transporter which increases its accessibility to the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and reduce hyperactivity in adults, but it is not as effective as stimulants when it comes to improving concentration or cognitive function.